week 8: 2014/04/28 ~ 2014/05/02

week 8: 2014/04/28 ~ 2014/05/02

part 1: article note - etymology

anti : opposed to, against

ex: antiatom(n.), antiwar(n.), antibiotic(n.)

re : again

ex: remove(v.), review(v.), revolve(v.)

de : down

ex: defrost(v.), deliberate(a.), dependable(a.)

pre : before

ex: prepare(v.), predict(v.), preview(v.)

trans : migrate, change

ex: translation(n.), transportation(n.), transfer(v.)

part 2: vocabulary

day 1     4/28

impulsive     a.     \im-ˈpəl-siv\

sentence(in the article): Betty, an impulsive New Caledonian crow living in a research lab, was hungry.

meaning: doing things or tending to do things suddenly and without careful thought : acting or tending to act on impulse
simple sentence: She's impulsive and often does things that she later regrets.
part of speech: 

• impulsively     ad.
• impulsiveness     n.

crow     \ˈkrō\

sentence(in the article): Betty, an impulsive New Caledonian crow living in a research lab, was hungry.

n.
meaning 1: a member of an American Indian people of the region between the Platte and Yellowstone rivers
meaning 2: any of various large usually entirely glossy black passerine birds (family Corvidae and especially genus Corvus)
v.
meaning: to make the loud, high sound that a rooster makes or a similar sound

simple sentence: The cock crowed as the sun began to rise.
part of speech: 

• crower     n.
• crowingly     ad.

test tube     n.

sentence(in the article): She could see a piece of meat at the bottom of a glass test tube, but without hands she was helpless to reach it.

meaning: a glass container that is shaped like a tube which is closed at one end and that is used especially in science experiments
simple sentence: ''No test tube can breed love and affection. No frozen packet of semen ever read a story to a sleepy child.''--Shirley Williams

wild     \ˈwī(-ə)ld\

sentence(in the article): In the wild, crows like Betty use twigs as tools to dig into get insects.

n.
meaning 1: the wilds : a large area of land where people do not live and where plants, trees, etc., grow freely
meaning 2: the wild : a wild, free, or natural place, state, or existence
a.
meaning 1: of an animal : living in nature without human control or care : not tame
meaning 2: of land : not changed by people : not settled or developed
ad.
meaning: without being controlled

simple sentence: These plants grow wild on the roadside.
part of speech: 

• wildish     a.
• wildness     n.

twig     \ˈtwig\

sentence(in the article): In the wild, crows like Betty use twigs as tools to dig into get insects.

n.
meaning: a small shoot or branch usually without its leaves
v.
meaning: to understand (something) suddenly

simple sentence: He seemed confused until he twigged that something was going on.
part of speech: 

• twigged     a.
• twiggy     a.

day 2     4/29

insect     n.     \ˈin-ˌsekt\

sentence(in the article): In the wild, crows like Betty use twigs as tools to dig into get insects.

meaning 1: a small animal that has six legs and a body formed of three parts and that may have wings
meaning 2: an animal (such as a spider) that is similar to an insect
simple sentence: The magazine's editor in chief was notorious for treating staffers as insects, often not even bothering to learn their names.

part of speech: 

• insectival     a.

dig     \ˈdig\

sentence(in the article): In the wild, crows like Betty use twigs as tools to dig into get insects.

n.

meaning 1: to move soil, sand, snow, etc., in order to create a hole
meaning 2: to form (a hole, tunnel, etc.) by removing soil, sand, snow, etc.
v.
meaning 1: a push with a body part (such as your elbow) : a poke or thrust
meaning 2: a criticism or insult that is directed toward a particular person or group

simple sentence: Dig a hole three feet deep.

cage     \ˈkāj\

sentence(in the article): However, the only thing in Betty's cage was a piece of wire. 

n.

meaning: a box made of wire or metal bars in which people keep animals or birds

v.

meaning: to confine or keep in or as if in a cage

simple sentence: The dogs and cats at the animal shelter looked so sad in their cages.

hook     \ˈhu̇k\

sentence(in the article): She picked up the wire and bent it until she had created a hook.

n.
meaning: a curved or bent tool for catching, holding, or pulling something
v.
meaning: to connect or attach (something) with a hook

simple sentence: She hit a hook into the left rough.

grab     \ˈgrab\

sentence(in the article): Then grabbing the tool with her beak, she used it to remove the piece of meat from the test tube.

n.
meaning: a quick attempt to take or get something
v.
meaning 1: to quickly take and hold (someone or something) with your hand or arms
meaning 2: to get the attention or interest of (someone or something)
a.\
meaning: intended to be grabbed

simple sentence: I have to go back in the house and grab my car keys.

day 3     4/30

beak     n.     \ˈbēk\

sentence(in the article): Then grabbing the tool with her beak, she used it to remove the piece of meat from the test tube.

meaning 1: the hard usually pointed parts that cover a bird's mouth

meaning 2: a person's nose

simple sentence: The snail kite feeds on this species, its beak curving precisely into the snail's whorl.

part of speech: 

• beaked     a.
• beakless     a.
• beaklike     a.
• beaky     a.

remove     \ri-ˈmüv\

sentence(in the article): Then grabbing the tool with her beak, she used it to remove the piece of meat from the test tube.

n.

meaning: a distance separating one person or thing from another

v.

meaning 1: to move or take (something) away from a place

meaning 2: to cause (something) to no longer exist

simple sentence: Remove the trash from the front yard.

part of speech: 

• removability    n.
• removable     a.
• removableness     n.
• removably     ad.
• remover     n.

awe     \ˈȯ\

sentence(in the article): The scientists in the lab watched in awe as Betty ate her lunch.

n.

meaning: a strong feeling of fear or respect and also wonder

v.

meaning: to fill (someone) with awe

simple sentence: It was a sight that filled me with awe and reverence.

part of speech: 

• outawe     v.

brainy     a.     \ˈbrā-nē\

sentence(in the article): These brainy crows fly over intersections and drop nuts in the path of cars.

meaning: very intelligent
simple sentence: A brainy student who didn't fit in socially.

part of speech: 

• brainily     ad.
• braininess     n.

pedestrians     \pə-ˈdes-trē-ən\

sentence(in the article): They fly down to join the pedestrians on the crosswalk and proceed to eat the nuts without fear of being run over.

n.

meaning: a person who is walking in a city, along a road, etc.

a.

meaning 1: not interesting or unusual
meaning 2: relating to or designed for people who are walking

simple sentence: He lived a pedestrian life, working at the paper mill and living in his trailer.

day 4     5/01

crosswalk     n.     \ˈkrȯs-ˌwȯk\

sentence(in the article): They fly down to join the pedestrians on the crosswalk and proceed to eat the nuts without fear of being run over.

meaning: a marked path where people can safely walk across a street or road
simple sentence: Pedestrians always have the right of way, even if they're not in the crosswalk .

run over     v.

sentence(in the article): They fly down to join the pedestrians on the crosswalk and proceed to eat the nuts without fear of being run over.

meaning: to hit and knock down, especially with a vehicle

simple sentence: She cried inconsolably when her cat was run over by a car. 

advertise     v.     \ˈad-vər-ˌtīz\

sentence(in the article): In contrast, older crows preferred not to advertise the presence of food so that they could eat quietly without worrying about competition from the rougher gangs of young crows. 

meaning 1: to make the public aware of something (such as a product) that is being sold
meaning 2: to make a public announcement (in a newspaper, on the Internet, etc.) about something that is wanted or available

meaning 3: to cause people to notice (something)

simple sentence: They are advertising the new edition of the book.

part of speech: 

• advertisable     a.
• advertiser     n.

presence     n.     \ˈpre-zən(t)s\

sentence(in the article): In contrast, older crows preferred not to advertise the presence of food so that they could eat quietly without worrying about competition from the rougher gangs of young crows. 

meaning 1: the fact of being in a particular place : the state of being present

meaning 2: the area that is close to someone

meaning 3: someone or something that is seen or noticed in a particular place, area, etc.

simple sentence: The orchestra's musical director has a very stately presence.

gang     n.     \ˈgaŋ\

sentence(in the article): In contrast, older crows preferred not to advertise the presence of food so that they could eat quietly without worrying about competition from the rougher gangs of young crows. 

meaning 1: a group of criminals

meaning 2: a group of young people who do illegal things together and who often fight against other gangs

meaning 3: a group of people who are friends and who do things together

simple sentence: He was shot by a member of a rival gang.

day 5     5/02

biologist     n.     \bahy-ol-uh-jist\

sentence(in the article): In Switzerland, biologist Thomas Bugnyer observed a raven named Hugin remedy a problem with a larger, stronger bird.

meaning: a specialist in biology.
simple sentence: True, no biologist  has really believed in vitalism for more than a century.

raven     \ˈrā-vən\

sentence(in the article): In Switzerland, biologist Thomas Bugnyer observed a raven named Hugin remedy a problem with a larger, stronger bird.

n.
meaning: a bird that has shiny black feathers and looks like a crow but is larger
v.
meaning: to feed greedily
a.
meaning: shiny and black

simple sentence: The verdict acquits the raven, but condemns the dove.
part of speech: 

• ravenlike     a.

breadcrumb     n.     \bred-kruhm\

sentence(in the article): Hugin had learned to open containers that contained breadcrumbs, but the other bird kept stealing them.

meaning: a crumb of bread, either dried or soft.
simple sentence: Seven appetizers begin the menu, such as the panko- breadcrumb  coated, fried calamari.

steal     \ˈstēl\

sentence(in the article): Hugin had learned to open containers that contained breadcrumbs, but the other bird kept stealing them.

n.
meaning 1: something that is being sold at a low price
meaning 2: baseball : the act of stealing a base
meaning 3: sports : the act of taking the ball, puck, etc., from another player
v.
meaning 1: to take (something that does not belong to you) in a way that is wrong or illegal
meaning 2: to take (something that you are not supposed to have) without asking for permission
meaning 3:  to wrongly take and use (another person's idea, words, etc.)

simple sentence: They stole thousands of dollars' worth of jewelry from the store.
part of speech: 

• stealable     a.
• stealer     n.

come up with

sentence(in the article): The frustrated Hugin eventually came up with a plan.

meaning: to produce especially in dealing with a problem or challenge <came up with a solution>
simple sentence: They could come up with names for the countries that they create.